Izikhonkwane zocingo lwekhonkrithi, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zizikhonkwane zesamente, zizikhonkwane eziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukuqhoboshela imathiriyeli kwikhonkrithi, kwizitena, okanye kumphezulu wobume. Ezi zikhonkwane ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngocingo oluqinileyo lwentsimbi kwaye zineengcebiso ezibukhali ezingena lula kwizinto ezinzima. Izikhonkwane zocingo lwekhonkrithi ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kunye nezicelo zokuchwela, kubandakanya:
1. Qhoboshela isakhelo sokhuni okanye sesinyithi kwikhonkrithi okanye kwi-masonry surface.
2. Khusela iibhokisi zombane, iteyiphu ye-conduit, kunye nemibhobho yamanzi kwiindonga zekonkile okanye imigangatho.
3. Faka i-backing strips ukukhusela ukugqiba okufana ne-drywall okanye i-paneling kwi-concrete okanye i-masonry.
4. Ukuqiniswa kwexeshana ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-formwork yekhonkrithi.
Xa usebenzisa izikhonkwane zocingo lwekhonkrithi, kubalulekile ukuba uqhube imingxuma yokulinga kwangaphambili kwikhonkrithi okanye kwi-masonry ukukhusela izikhonkwane zocingo ukuba zigobe okanye ziphule ngexesha lofakelo. Ukongezelela, ukukhetha ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besikhonkwane kunye nohlobo lwesicelo esithile kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni isinamathiselo esikhuselekileyo nesikhuselekileyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezipheleleyo zezikhonkwane zentsimbi zekhonkrithi, kubandakanywa izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi, izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi ezinombala, izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi ezimnyama, izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi eziluhlaza kunye neentloko ezikhethekileyo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ze-shank. Iintlobo ze-shank ziquka i-shank egudileyo, i-shank ephothiweyo yobunzima obuhlukeneyo be-substrate. Ngeempawu ezingentla, izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi zibonelela ngokugqwesa okugqwesileyo kunye namandla okulungisa iziza eziqinileyo neziqinileyo.
Izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi zentsimbi ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kunye nokuchwela. Olunye usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lwezikhonkwane zekhonkrithi yentsimbi lubandakanya:
1. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhelo: Izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi zentsimbi zisetyenziselwa ukuqhoboshela amalungu efreyim yomthi kwikhonkrithi okanye kumphezulu wolwakhiwo, njengokuncamathisela iibhodi ezisezantsi kumgangatho wesamente okanye izikhonkwane zodonga kwiindonga zemasonry.
2. I-Formwork: Kulwakhiwo lwe-concrete formwork, izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi zensimbi zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa iifom kunye neepaneli kwisakhelo sekhonkrithi, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yesikhashana ngexesha lokuthulula ikhonkrithi kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisa.
3. Imichilo yokuxhasa: Izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi zentsimbi zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-backing strips kwikhonkrithi okanye kwiindonga ze-masonry, ukubonelela ngesakhelo sokufakela iziqendu ezifana ne-drywall okanye i-paneling.
4. Umbane kunye neMibhobho yeMibhobho: Izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi zentsimbi zingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela iibhokisi zombane, iteyiphu ye-conduit, kunye nezixhobo zemibhobho kwikhonkrithi okanye umgangatho wobume.
5. Ukulungiswa ngokubanzi: Izikhonkwane zekhonkrithi zentsimbi nazo zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa ngokubanzi kunye nemisebenzi yokulondoloza, njengezibiyeli zetsimbi zokubopha, ii-hangers, okanye ezinye i-hardware kwikhonkrithi okanye i-masonry.
Xa usebenzisa izikhonkwane zensimbi kwikhonkrithi, kubalulekile ukukhetha ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besikhonkwane kunye nohlobo lwesicelo esithile kunye nokulandela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufakela ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa okukhuselekileyo nokukhuselekileyo kwikhonkrithi okanye kwi-masonry surface.
Gqiba Gqiba
I-fasteners ekhanyayo ayinayo i-coating yokukhusela intsimbi kwaye iyakwazi ukubola xa ibonakaliswe kumswakama ophezulu okanye amanzi. Azikhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ngaphandle okanye kwimithi ephathwayo, kwaye kuphela kwizicelo zangaphakathi apho kungekho mfuneko yokukhusela umhlwa. Iziqhoboshi ezikhanyayo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwakheka kwangaphakathi, ukunquma kunye nokugqiba usetyenziso.
Idiphu eshushu iGalvanized (HDG)
Izibophelelo zediphu ezishushu ziqatywe ngomaleko weZinc ukunceda ukukhusela intsimbi ekudlekeni. Nangona iziqhoboshi ezishushu zediphu ziya konakala ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko isambatho sinxiba, ngokuqhelekileyo zilungile ubomi besicelo. Iifasteners ezishushu zedip dip zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zangaphandle apho isiqhoboshi sichanabeka kwiimeko zemozulu zemihla ngemihla ezifana nemvula nekhephu. Iindawo ezikufuphi namanxweme apho isiqulatho setyuwa emanzini emvula siphezulu kakhulu, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo iziqhoboshi zeStainless Steel njengoko ityuwa ikhawulezisa ukuwohloka kwegalvanization kwaye iya kukhawulezisa umhlwa.
I-Electro Galvanized (EG)
Izibophelelo ze-Electro Galvanized fasteners zinomaleko obhityileyo kakhulu weZinc onika ukhuseleko lomhlwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa kwiindawo apho ukhuseleko oluncinci lwe-corrosion lufunekayo njengamagumbi okuhlambela, iikhikhini kunye nezinye iindawo ezithintekayo kumanzi athile okanye ukufuma. Izikhonkwane zophahla ziyi-electro galvanized kuba zitshintshwa ngokubanzi ngaphambi kokuba i-fastener iqale ukunxiba kwaye ayibonakali kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima ukuba zifakwe ngokufanelekileyo. Iindawo ezikufuphi namanxweme apho isiqulatho setyuwa kumanzi emvula siphezulu kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo isiqhoboshi seNsimbi eNgatyiwayo.
Intsimbi engatyiwa (SS)
Iziqhoboshi zentsimbi engenasiphene zibonelela ngokhuselo olungcono lokutya olukhoyo. Intsimbi inokukhupha okanye irusile ekuhambeni kwexesha kodwa ayisoze iphulukane namandla ayo ekudlekeni. Iziqhoboshi zeStainless Steel zingasetyenziselwa ngaphandle okanye kwizicelo zangaphakathi kwaye ngokubanzi ziza kwi-304 okanye i-316 yensimbi engenasici.